NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 3: Metals and Non-metals

The study of chemistry in Class 10 is incomplete without mastering "Metals and Non-metals." This chapter is a cornerstone of the CBSE curriculum, carrying significant weightage in the board examinations. It provides a fundamental understanding of how elements behave, react, and form the building blocks of our material world. Mastering this chapter not only helps you secure high marks but also prepares you for higher-level chemistry concepts.

To build a solid foundation before diving into these solutions, ensure you have reviewed our full chapter notes. For students looking for comprehensive support across all subjects, you can always browse all chapter notes on our platform.

In-text Questions and Solutions

Understanding Physical Properties

Q: Give an example of a metal which is a liquid at room temperature. A: Mercury (Hg) is the only metal that exists in a liquid state at room temperature.

Q: Name two metals which are soft enough to be cut with a knife. A: Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) are soft metals that can be easily cut using a knife.

Q: Explain the meanings of malleable and ductile. A:

• Malleable: The property of a metal by which it can be beaten into thin sheets.
• Ductile: The property of a metal by which it can be drawn into thin wires.

Chemical Properties of Metals

Q: Why is sodium kept immersed in kerosene oil? A: Sodium is a highly reactive metal. It reacts vigorously with oxygen and moisture present in the air, which can lead to fires. To prevent this reaction, it is stored under kerosene oil.

Q: Write equations for the reactions of iron with steam. A: When iron reacts with steam, it forms iron (II, III) oxide and hydrogen gas: 3Fe(s) + 4H₂O(g) → Fe₃O₄(s) + 4H₂(g)

If you find these chemical equations challenging, remember that consistent practice is key. You can find more structured exercises in our NCERT solutions library to keep your preparation on track.

Exercise: Metals and Non-metals

Q: Which of the following pairs will give displacement reactions? (a) NaCl solution and copper metal (b) MgCl₂ solution and aluminium metal (c) FeSO₄ solution and silver metal (d) AgNO₃ solution and copper metal

Answer: (d) AgNO₃ solution and copper metal. Since copper is more reactive than silver, it displaces silver from the silver nitrate solution.

Q: An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point. This compound is also soluble in water. The element is likely to be: (a) Calcium (b) Carbon (c) Silicon (d) Iron

Answer: (a) Calcium. Calcium forms Calcium Oxide (CaO), which is an ionic compound with a high melting point and is soluble in water.

Metallurgy and Extraction

The extraction of metals from their ores is a critical topic as per the official NCERT syllabus. The process involves enrichment of ore, extraction of metal, and refining.

Q: Define the following terms:

1. Mineral: Naturally occurring substances containing metals in the earth's crust.
2. Ore: Minerals from which a metal can be profitably extracted.
3. Gangue: Impurities such as sand, soil, and rocks present in an ore.

To understand these processes visually, we recommend practicing with our practice tests which simulate the board exam environment.

Tips to Score Full Marks in Board Exams

Scoring a perfect score in Class 10 Science requires more than just memorization. Follow these expert tips:

• Focus on Chemical Equations: Always write balanced chemical equations with physical states (s, l, g, aq). Examiners look for these specific details.
• Diagrams Matter: Practice diagrams for the electrolytic refining of copper and the extraction of metals. Label them clearly.
• Understand the Reactivity Series: The reactivity series is the "key" to solving displacement reaction questions. Memorize it thoroughly.
• Refer to Authentic Sources: Stick strictly to the NCERT textbook. You can cross-reference your answers with the official CBSE website to stay updated on any syllabus changes.
• Keyword Highlighting: In descriptive answers, underline keywords like "ionic bond," "covalent," "amphoteric oxides," and "roasting."

Frequently Asked Questions

What are amphoteric oxides? Give two examples. Amphoteric oxides are metal oxides that show both acidic and basic behavior. They react with both acids and bases to produce salt and water. Examples: Aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) and Zinc oxide (ZnO).

Why do ionic compounds have high melting points? Ionic compounds have strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions. It requires a significant amount of energy to break these strong inter-ionic bonds.

What is the difference between roasting and calcination? Roasting is the heating of sulfide ores in the presence of excess air. Calcination is the heating of carbonate ores in the limited supply of air.

Why is aluminium considered a highly reactive metal but used to make cooking utensils? Aluminium forms a thin, non-reactive layer of aluminium oxide on its surface when exposed to air. This layer protects the metal from further corrosion.

How can you distinguish between a metal and a non-metal on the basis of their chemical properties? Metals form basic oxides and are electron donors, while non-metals form acidic or neutral oxides and are electron acceptors.

Preparing for Success

Understanding the properties and reactivity of elements is the first step toward excelling in your board exams. By mastering the concepts in this chapter, you build the confidence needed for more advanced topics in the upcoming academic years. If you are ever overwhelmed by the syllabus, remember that you can explore CircleOfLearning to find resources that simplify complex topics.

Consistent revision and solving past-year papers are your best tools. Stay curious, keep practicing, and ensure your basics are rock solid.

👉 Start your learning journey today at CircleOfLearning.online